Voleibol escolar: caracterização das escolas/municípios participantes dos jogos escolares de Santa Catarina / School volleyball: characterization of the schools/municipalities participating in the Santa Catarina school games

RESUMO O ambiente escolar tem contribuído no processo de desenvolvimento esportivo, especialmente pela oferta diversificada de atividades nas aulas de Educação Física e em projetos extracurriculares voltados às modalidades esportivas. O trabalho realizado com as equipes escolares de voleibol no estado de Santa Catarina tem sido altamente reconhecido ao longo dos anos, porém há poucas evidências sobre as escolas que têm contribuído na formação de jogadores de voleibol no cenário catarinense. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar as escolas participantes dos Jogos Escolares de Santa Catarina (JESC) de voleibol. Realizou-se a análise documental dos boletins dos JESC disponibilizados pela Fundação Catarinense de Esporte (FESPORTE). As evidências revelaram que os estabelecimentos de ensino com maiores participações e conquistas, em ambas as categorias investigadas, são escolas de educação básica da rede estadual, seguidas pelas instituições de ensino da rede privada e, em menor número, por escolas municipais. Enquanto na categoria feminina as escolas estão localizadas em sua grande maioria nas regiões Leste-Norte e Sul, na categoria masculina concentram-se na região Centro-oeste, especialmente em cidades de pequeno e médio porte, com elevado Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH).

ABSTRACT The school environment has contributed to the sports development process, especially due to the diversified offer of activities in Physical Education classes and extracurricular projects focused on sports. The work done with school volleyball teams in the state of Santa Catarina has been highly recognized over the years, but there is little evidence about schools that have contributed to the training of volleyball players in the Santa Catarina scenario. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the schools participating in the Jogos Escolares de Santa Catarina (JESC, Santa Catarina School Games) of volleyball. The documentary analysis of the JESC bulletins provided by the Fundação Catarinense de Esporte (FESPORTE, Santa Catarina Sports Foundation) was carried out. The evidence revealed that the educational establishments with the highest participation and achievements in both categories investigated were basic education schools of the state school system, followed by private educational institutions and, to a lesser extent, municipal schools. While in the women's group, the schools were mostly located in the East-North and South regions, in the men's group, they were concentrated in the Midwest region, especially in small and medium-sized cities with high Human Development Indices (HDIs).

Influence of the size of the cities of birth and residence in the sports career: an analysis through the bolsa-atleta program / Influência do tamanho das cidades de nascimento e residência na carreira desportiva: uma análise por meio do programa bolsa-atleta

ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify whether the size of municipalities in which Brazilian high-performance athletes are born or live influences the federal government subsidy, in addition to pointing out whether factors such as human development index, demographic density and municipal investment in sports also exert influence. The sample consisted of 2,033 Brazilian municipalities that had athletes, born or resident, receiving the Brazilian incentive Bolsa-Atleta program. The size of municipalities influences the amount and level of grant obtained, demonstrating that the smaller the population size, the lower the chance of obtaining a higher grant level. In addition, factors such as human development index, demographic density and investment in sport influence the acquisition of grants by athletes, mainly by resident athletes, which shows an internal sports migration in the country as a result.

RESUMO O presente estudo teve por objetivo verificar se o tamanho dos municípios em que os atletas brasileiros de rendimento nascem ou residem gera influência na obtenção de subsídio pelo governo federal, além de apontar se fatores como índices de desenvolvimento humano, densidade demográfica e investimento municipal no esporte também exercem influência. A amostra consistiu em 2033 municípios brasileiros que apresentaram atletas nascidos ou residentes contemplados pelo programa de incentivo brasileiro Bolsa-Atleta. Por meio da análise, pode-se verificar que o tamanho dos municípios influência na quantidade e no nível de bolsa obtido, demonstrando que quanto menor o tamanho da população, menor a chance de se obter um nível mais alto de bolsa. Além disto, pode-se notar que fatores como índices de desenvolvimento humano, densidade demográfica e investimento no esporte exercem influência na aquisição de bolsas pelos atletas, principalmente, por parte de atletas residentes, o que evidencia uma migração esportiva interna no país.

Pedagogical intervention in team sports: a systematic review / Intervenção pedagógica nos esportivos coletivos: uma revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT The production of literature with intervention programs was analyzed, applied to team sports. The databases consulted on the subject, in the last 20 years, were the Web of Science, Scielo and PubMed. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines were used with the keywords: team sports and team sports games, associated with the terms: teaching models, sports teaching, teaching-learning-training, pedagogical intervention, tactical-technical performance and cognitive processes, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. After screening with defined criteria, 39 manuscripts were selected to compose the sample. The descriptive analysis showed that the years 2016 and 2018 presented a higher number of publications (17.95% each year); the English language most used in publications (69.24%); football and basketball have comprised the highest number of studies (25.64% and 17.95%, respectively); the teaching programs spanned between 5 and 54 class sessions; the sample of studies with schoolchildren was the most chosen (64.1%); most teaching programs focused on tactics; and the main variables analyzed were tactical knowledge, tactical-technical performance and specific skills. In the production of literature analyzed, there was a tendency in the last 10 years to apply sports teaching programs with tactical approaches and also change and/or add content to these programs, in order to enhance the development of students/athletes. These changes leave open reflections on possible changes in teacher guidance in the praxis in teaching-learning of team sports.

RESUMO Analisou-se a produção da literatura com programas de intervenção, aplicados aos esportes coletivos. As bases de dados consultadas quanto ao tema, nos últimos 20 anos, foram o Web of Science, Scielo e PubMed. Utilizou-se as diretrizes PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) com as palavras-chave: jogo coletivo e jogos esportivos coletivos, associados aos termos: modelos de ensino, ensino do esporte, ensino-aprendizagem-treinamento, intervenção pedagógica, desempenho tático-técnico e processos cognitivos, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Após triagem com critérios definidos, 39 manuscritos foram selecionados para compor a amostra. A análise descritiva apontou que os anos de 2016 e 2018 apresentou maior quantitativo de publicações (17,95% cada ano); a língua inglesa a mais utilizada nas publicações (69,24%); as modalidades futebol e basquetebol compreenderam o maior número de trabalhos (25,64% e 17,95%, respectivamente); os programas de ensino abrangeram entre 5 e 54 sessões de aula; a amostra dos estudos com escolares foi a mais eleita (64,1%); a maioria dos programas de ensino centrou-se na tática; e as principais variáveis analisadas foram conhecimentos táticos, desempenho tático-técnico e habilidades específicas. Na produção de literatura analisada observou-se uma tendência nos últimos 10 anos à aplicação de programas de ensino dos esportes com abordagens táticas e ainda alterar e/ou agregar conteúdos a esses modelos, com o intuito de potencializar o desenvolvimento de alunos/atletas. Essas mudanças deixam abertas as reflexões sobre possíveis alterações de orientação docente na práxis no ensino-aprendizagem dos esportes coletivos.

Putting the player first: A method to analyse and develop expert players performance in professional soccer.

The purpose of this paper is to present a player-centred performance analysis method as an effective mechanism to enhance expert players' performance in professional soccer. Data were collected through an application of a developed performance analysis method and subsequent unstructured interviews to explore participants' experience of the applied methodology. Grounded by an enactive perspective of human activity, the applied methodology foregrounds the player's intrinsic experience and places the player at the centre of the analysis and interpretation process. The sample included thirty professional soccer players with professional playing experience ranging from 2 years to 19 years and representing three professional teams. Using an interpretive data analysis approach results were considered from a methodological perspective concerning the core functions of a performance analysis method. Categories regarding performance analysis and performance development were highlighted. Findings demonstrate that adopting a player-centred approach to performance analysis in professional soccer provides advancement of the understanding of the collective performance of the expert player and may increase the opportunity for sustained learning.

Technical analysis in Tsuri-goshi through three complementary observational analysis.

The aim of this article is to identify the factors involved in learning judo based on an observational study of technical errors and their relationships. The analysis was carried out using a combination of a self-generated observational instrument (OI-JUDO-TG) and a recording instrument (developed with the Lince software) using a sample of 78 novice students. In addition, descriptive statistics and sequential analysis with polar coordinates and T-Patterns were obtained using the Hoisan and Theme software program. The implementation of the various analytical methods optimizes the knowledge of performance and the concretion of feedback, like the process of communication between the teacher and the student, that which will activate new neuronal connections in learning. The results confirmed that the most frequent chain of errors during the performance of the technique were as follows: (1) the lack of an initial imbalance, the incorrect placement of the feet, the head and (2) the head after the tsukuri of the technique, as well as the absence of load of the body during this phase and the lack of balance of the performer when finishing the projection. At the initiation of judo, analytical methods are not applied, but the personal experience or the immediate feedback from the teacher is applied. It proposes a new analytical method to learn the technical errors and the different ways to implement their correction. Through the observational analysis generated, intense relationships between the detected errors have been demonstrated, determining the presence of the ones that causes the occurrence of the others.

Efficacy of using non-linear pedagogy to support attacking players' individual learning objectives in elite-youth football: A randomised cross-over trial.

The present study examined the efficacy of a coaching curriculum, based on non-linear pedagogy, on improving attacking players' individual learning objectives (ILOs) in elite-youth football. Participants included 22 attacking players (i.e., centre-forwards, wide-players and attacking midfield players) from a professional football academy in England. The players were randomly appointed to both control (CON) and intervention (INT) periods following baseline measures. The INT (non-linear) and CON (linear) periods were both designed to support the ILOs provided to each player as part of the elite player performance plan. The study adopted a randomised cross-over design and ILOs considered important for attacking players (i.e., strong foot finishing, weak foot finishing, 1-v-1 and decision-making) were evaluated using the Loughborough Shooting Skill Test. The results showed significant differences for INT in 1-v-1 (P< 0.02) and decision-making (P< 0.01). However, there were no significant differences for strong foot finishing, weak foot finishing or time taken. These results support non-linear pedagogy in developing 1-v-1 game play and decision-making but not for technical shooting proficiency.

The speed of perception: the effects of over-speed video training on pitch recognition in collegiate softball players.

During interceptive motor tasks, experts demonstrate distinct visual search behavior (from novices) that is reflective of information extraction from optimal environmental cues, which subsequently aids anticipatory movements. While some forms of visual training have been employed in sport, over-speed video training is rarely applied to perceptual-cognitive sport contexts. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether over-speed video training can enhance visual information processing and augment visual behavior for a pitch-recognition task. Twelve collegiate softball players were recruited for the study. A between-subjects, repeated measures design was implemented to assess changes in participants' pitch recognition on a video-based occlusion task after one of two training interventions: (A) over-speed video training (n = 6) or (B) regular video training (n = 6). Both training interventions required individuals to view 400 videos of different pitches over the span of 10 days. The over-speed group viewed the videos at gradually increasing video speeds (+ 0.05 × each day). Performance (i.e., identifying pitch type and location), quiet-eye duration (i.e., total QE, QE-early and QE-late) and cortical activation (i.e., alpha wave activity/asymmetry; F3/F4 and P7/P8) were measured during the pitch-recognition tasks. Results showed significant performance improvements across groups, but no differences between groups. Both interventions were associated with a reduction in alpha wave activity for P8, an increase in alpha activity for F3, and a significant increase in QE-late. An increase in QE-late was associated with a decrease in P7/P8 alpha asymmetry and improvements in pitch-type recognition. Consistent with the extant literature, our results support the importance of a later QE offset for successful performance on perceptual tasks, potentially extending to perceputal-motor tasks. Although participants in the over-speed condition did not experience significantly larger improvements in performance than controls, this study highlights the association between QE and brain activity reflective of expertise.

Coeficientes de performance preditores da vitória do set no voleibol escolar / Coefficient of performance predictors of set victory in school volleyball

RESUMO O desempenho técnico-tático é fundamental para a vitória no voleibol, deste modo, é importante identificar indicadores associados com a vitória no set. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar e associar os coeficientes de performance técnico-tático em função do resultado do set no voleibol feminino escolar. Participaram do estudo atletas escolares, com idade entre 12 e 14 anos. Foram analisados 27 jogos, resultando em 57 sets, 7194 ações (saque= 2380; recepção de saque= 2157; levantamento= 1358; e ataque= 1299). Posteriormente, foi calculado o coeficiente de performance por ação e set. Utilizou-se de regressão logística binária, para verificar a associação dos coeficientes de performance com a vitória do set. O coeficiente de performance de saque classificado como "bom" mostrou-se como principal preditor de vitória no set (OR = 29,46), seguido por levantamento "bom" (OR= 15,87), e ataque "bom" (OR= 7,32). O saque é o principal preditor de performance no presente estudo, seguido pelo levantamento e ataque. Esses resultados sugerem que o saque deve ser priorizado no treinamento, já que aumenta as chances de vitória no set.

ABSTRACT Technical-tactical performance is essencial to victory in volleyball, so it is important to identify indicators associated with winning the set. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify and associate the technical-tactical coefficient of performance based on the result of the set in the school female volleyball. School athletes participated in the study (age between 12-14 years old). 27 match were analyzed, resulting in 57 sets, 7194 actions (serve= 2380, serve reception= 2157, set= 1358; and attack= 1299). Subsequently, the performance coefficient per action and set was calculated. Binary logistic regression was used to verify the association of the performance coefficients with victory of the set. The serve performance coefficient classified as "good" proved to be a major victory predictor set (OR= 29.46), followed by set classified as "good" (OR= 15.87), and attack classified as "good" (OR= 7.32). The serve is the major predictor in the present study, followed by serve and attack. These results suggest that serve should be prioritized in training, as it increases the chances of victory.

Are there relationship between internal and external load of aerobic training with heart rate variability in women? / Há relação da carga interna e externa do treinamento aeróbio com variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em mulheres?

ABSTRACT The purpose was to investigate the relationship between internal training load (ITL), external training load (ETL) and heart rate variability (HRV) in women. 16 women (48.2 ± 6.4 yrs) performed HRV recordings (i.e. lnRMSSD - cardiovagal modulation) and Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT) before and after 12 aerobic training sessions. HRV threshold (HRVT) were used to prescribe aerobic ETL. The session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) was analyzed and served as the measure of ITL. The score found for ITL in the 12 sessions was 2878 ± 380 arbitrary units and ETL were 36822 ± 5852 m. A significant difference was observed in the lnRMSSD (3.14 ± 0.30 vs. 3.43 ± 0.38 ms−1; P = 0.001). There were observed large correlation between lnRMSSD at baseline vs ISWT (r = 0.73, P = 0.001), HRVT (r = 0.67, P = 0.004) and ITL (r = 0.62, P = 0.011). Very large correlation between individual smallest worthwhile change lnRMSSD after training and ITL (r = 0.81, P = 0.0001) was observed. There is a strong association between the HRV and aerobic performance (HRVT and ISWTdistance) and strong relationship between HRV and the potential to accumulate ITL, but not aerobic ETL in women.

RESUMO O objetivo foi investigar a relação da carga interna de treinamento (CIT), carga externa de treinamento (CET) e variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) em mulheres. 16 mulheres (48,2 ± 6,4 anos) realizaram medidas de VFC em repouso (variável lnRMSSD - modulação cardiovagal) e o teste incremental de caminhada (TIC) antes e depois de 12 semanas de treinamento aeróbio. O limiar da VFC (LVFC) foi utilizado para prescrição da CET. A percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) foi utilizada para cálculo da CIT. O valor de CIT encontrado nas 12 sessões foi de 2878 ± 380 unidades arbitrárias e para CET de 36822 ± 5852 m. Foi observada diferença significativa para lnRMSSD (3,14 ± 0,30 vs. 3,43 ± 0,38 ms−1; P = 0.001). Verificou-se uma correlação grande entre lnRMSSD basal e TIC (r = 0.73, P = 0.001), LVFC (r = 0.67, P = 0.004) e CIT (r = 0.62, P = 0.011). Foi encontrada uma correlação muito grande entre a mínima diferença detectável individual do lnRMSSD após treinamento e CIT. Conclui-se que há uma forte relação entre VFC e performance aeróbia (LVFC e TICdistância), VFC e acúmulo de CIT, porém, sem relação com a CET acumulada nas 12 semanas nas mulheres estudadas.

Mentoring as a professional development strategy for a high-performance basketball coach / O mentoring como estratégia de desenvolvimento profissional de um treinador de basquetebol de alta performance

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to analyze mentoring as a training strategy in the developed of a high-performance basketball coach. Mentoring intervention was carried out over 11 months aiming at the development of reflective practice of a high-performance basketball coach engaged in national and international competitions. Qualitative methodology was used in a case study approach. The data collection instruments used were field journal and semi-structured interview. The data were analyzed using the content analysis technique. The results pointed out the challenges inherent to the construction of a mentor-coach relationship, the challenges the coach faced in his daily work and the relevance of mentoring in the professional development of a coach.

RESUMO O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a estratégia formativa do mentoring desenvolvida com um treinador de basquetebol de alta performance. A intervenção com o mentoring foi realizada ao longo de onze meses, tendo como propósito o desenvolvimento da prática reflexiva de um treinador de basquetebol de alta performance, participante de competições nacionais e internacionais. A metodologia utilizada é de natureza qualitativa, tendo como método o estudo de caso. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram o diário de campo e a entrevista semiestruturada. Para análise dos dados optou-se pela técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam os desafios inerentes à construção da relação mentor-treinador, os desafios enfrentados pelo treinador em seu cotidiano de trabalho e a relevância do mentoring no desenvolvimento profissional do treinador.

The effect of football basic technical training using unilateral leg on bilateral leg transfer in male children / Efeito do treinamento de habilidades básicas do futebol usando transferência unilateral e bilateral de pernas em meninos

ABSTRACT This experiment investigted transfer of skills from dominant leg limb to non-dominant leg limb and vice versa in dribbling with the ball, juggling and passing/shooting technics of soccer for inexperienced male children. 24 male student age of 10 years from 3th grade who have not involved in a football club as a player. In football basic technical practices, dominant leg (DL) group just used their dominand leg/foot, and non-dominant leg (NDL) group just used their non-dominant leg/foot. Practice phase applied one time a week between February and May on the football field with synthetic grass. The results showed there were not exist no significant difference between the transfers from dominant leg group to non-dominant group or vice versa. On the other hands, performance of all technics improved on dominant and non-dominant groups for the comparison of pre- and post-tests. The findings suggest that the transfer of learning skills could be more effective from non-dominant leg limb to dominant leg limb significantly for technics of juggling, dribbling and kicking.

RESUMO Este experimento investigou a transferência de habilidades do membro dominante da perna para o membro não dominante e vice-versa no drible com a bola, controle de bola e nas técnicas de passe/chute do futebol para meninos iniciantes. Participaram do estudo 24 estudantes de 10 anos de idade da terceira série que não tinham participado de nenhum clube de futebol como jogador. Nas práticas das técnicas básicas do futebol o grupo de perna dominante (PD) apenas usou a perna/pé dominante e o grupo de pernan não dominante (PND) apenas usou a perna não dominante. A fase de prática foi aplicada uma vez por semana entre fevereiro e maio no campo de futebol com grama sintética. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença significativa entre as transferências do grupo dominante das pernas para o grupo de pernas não dominantes e vice-versa. Por outro lado, o desempenho de todas as técnicas melhorou no grupo de pernas dominantes e não dominantes na comparação de pré-teste para o pós-teste. As descobertas sugerem que a transferência de habilidades de aprendizado poderia ser mais eficaz do membro não dominante para o membro dominante nas técnicas de controle de bola, drible e chute.

Prática de atividade física e participação esportiva associadas à violência em adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática / Physical activity and sports participation associated with violence in adolescents: a systematic review

RESUMO O presente estudo conduziu uma revisão da literatura que com o objetivo de investigar a relação entre a prática de atividade física (AF) e de esportes com violência e agressão entre adolescentes. Uma busca estruturada foi conduzida em três bases de dados (PubMed, Web of Science e Scielo) utilizando três campos de busca para população (adolescentes), AF/esportes e vioência/agressão. Dos 618 estudos encontrados, 555 foram selecionados por título e resumo, 63 foram lidos na íntegra e 24 foram incluídos para análise. Foi observada uma prevalência de 83% de estudos transversais, e o tamanho das amostras variou entre 210 e 71854 adolescentes. Medidas de violência e AF/esportes foram diversas. Dentre os 24 estudos analisados, seis não encontraram relação entre AF/esportes e violência, oito verificaram que AF/esportes foram fator de proteção, e 15 identificaram uma relação positiva entre AF/esportes e violência. Os achados sugerem que AF/esportes estão relacionados a uma maior exposição a conflitos e comportamentos agressivos, que podem escalar para outras relações fora do contexto da atividade feita. Contudo, o tipo de AF e o contexto parecem ter um importante papel na promoção de conflitos, com atividades coletivas com conflito direto, como futebol, oferecendo maior chance de promover agressividade comparados com atividades individuais sem conflito direto.

ABSTRACT The present study conducted a review of the literature that aimed to investigate the relationship between the practice of physical activity (PA) and sports with violence and aggression among adolescents. A structured search was conducted on three databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Scielo) using three fields for the population (adolescents), PA/sports and violence/aggression. Of the 618 studies identified, 555 were screened by the title and abstract, 63 had the full text screened and 24 were selected for inclusion and analysis. Most studies were cross-sectional (53%), and sample size varied between 210 and 71854 adolescents. Metrics of violence and PA/sports were very diverse. Of the 24 analyzed studies, six studies found no association between PA/sports and violence, eight found that PA/sports were a protective factor, and 15 found a positive relationship between PA/sports and violence. The findings suggest that PA/sports are related to higher exposition to conflicts, and aggressive behavior, which may escalate to other relationships amongst adolescents outside of the context of PA/sports. The type of PA practiced may play an important role in promoting conflicts, with team-based sports with direct conflict being more likely to promote aggressiveness compared to individual sports without direct conflicts.

Characterizing the pattern of rally times and complexes in school volleyball / Caracterização do padrão dos tempos de rallies e dos complexos no voleibol escolar

ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize the pattern of rally times and complexes in school volleyball. A total of 52 matches were analyzed, all video recorded on a digital camera. Rally times were analyzed along with their intervals, and complexes as well as actions in the rallies were quantified and characterized. Results show that school volleyball has an interval time between rallies 2.5x higher than the rally time, characterizing it as an intermittent sport of short-length high intensity. Younger and female teams performed a lower number of complexes and actions, reducing the rally time, but had more interval times between rallies, promoting lower match density. The pattern of rally times, complex type frequencies and number of actions in volleyball are similar to those of high-performance game. It was also possible to observe that interval time did not change between rally times. However, they differ as to number of complexes per rally and to played time density for presenting longer rally times and shorter intervals. It is concluded that male Under-17 school volleyball has more similarities with the patterns of rallies and complexes as high-performance volleyball.

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou caracterizar o padrão dos tempos de rally e dos complexos no voleibol escolar. Analisou-se 52 jogos, que foram gravados em filmadora digital. Avaliou-se os tempos de rallies e seus intervalos, a densidade do set, além de quantificar e caracterizar os complexos e as ações nos rallies. Os resultados mostram que o voleibol escolar exibe tempo de intervalo entre rallies 2,5x maior que o tempo de rally, caracterizando-o como um esporte intermitente de alta intensidade em curta duração. Equipes escolares mais jovens e femininas realizam menores números de complexos e de ações, reduzindo o tempo de rally, porém, elevam o tempo de intervalos entre rallies promovendo menor densidade de jogo. O voleibol escolar exibe padrão dos tempos de rallies, frequências dos tipos de complexos e número de ações similares aos de alto rendimento. Também verificou-se que o tempo de intervalo não altera entre os tipos de rallies. Todavia, diferem na quantidade de complexos por rally e na densidade de tempo jogado, devido apresentar maior tempo de rally e menor de intervalos. Conclui-se que o voleibol escolar Sub17 masculino exibe maiores similaridades nos padrões de rallies e complexos ao voleibol de alto rendimento.

Sports involvement of girls and boys in basketball / Envolvimento esportivo de meninas e meninos no basquetebol

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the sports involvement of girls and boys participating in the Basketball for All Program (Santa Catarina, Brazil). A total of 80 basketball players attending the program participated in 2016. A survey composed of closed-ended questions was used, which was analyzed by means of statistical resources, both descriptive (frequency and percentage) and inferential (chi-square, Cramér's V, adjusted residuals). Results revealed an association between sex and time of general sports practice, showing that girls had a shorter time of experience with basketball than boys did. As for weekly training frequency, the participants with fewer weekly training hours were consequently those who trained less often (days) during the week. Boys with a shorter time of participation in the Program and who engaged in sports initiation activities had a lower weekly training frequency, while those with a longer experience time and who engaged in activities aimed at competitive preparation would train more often during the week. In conclusion, the girls had a shorter sports practice time, and the organization of the Program determines the boys' weekly frequency of involvement in basketball.

RESUMO O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar o envolvimento esportivo de meninas e meninos participantes do Programa Basquetebol Para Todos (Santa Catarina, Brasil). Participaram 80 praticantes de basquetebol que frequentavam o programa, no ano de 2016. Utilizou-se um questionário composto por questões fechadas, o qual foi analisado por meio de recursos estatísticos descritivos (frequência e percentual) e inferenciais (qui-quadrado, v-cramer, resíduos ajustados). Os resultados revelaram associação do sexo com o tempo de prática esportiva geral, evidenciando-se que as meninas possuíam menor tempo de experiência no esporte do que os meninos. Quanto à frequência semanal de treinamento, constatou-se que os participantes, com carga horária semanal de treino menor eram, consequentemente, os que treinavam com menor frequência (dias) durante a semana. Os meninos com menor tempo de participação no Programa e que participavam das atividades de iniciação esportiva tinham frequência semanal de treino menor, enquanto os meninos com maior tempo de experiência e que participavam das atividades voltadas à preparação competitiva treinavam mais vezes durante a semana. Conclui-se que as meninas possuíam menor tempo de prática esportiva e que a organização do Programa determina a frequência semanal de envolvimento dos meninos com o basquetebol.

Revisão sistemática sobre o processo de ensino e de análise do goleiro de handebol / Systematic review of the teaching and match analysis of the handball goalkeeper / Revisión sistemática sobre el proceso de enseñanza y de análisis del portero de balonmano

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar o panorama de artigos científicos originais sobre as temáticas de ensino e análise de jogo do goleiro de handebol a partir do ano 2000, por meio de uma revisão sistemática. A busca pelos artigos foi feita em bases de dados indexadoras de revistas científicas a partir de critérios pré-estabelecidos. Ao final da fase de seleção, 29 artigos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e revelaram o atual panorama das temáticas pesquisadas. Os resultados apontaram para um interesse recente nas temáticas, sobretudo na literatura espanhola, apresentando uma predominância da pesquisa quantitativa e a preferência por estudos que envolvam os goleiros adultos de alto nível de rendimento. Além disso, parece haver maior interesse pelos artigos voltados à análise de jogo quando comparados à temática de ensino. Nos artigos de análise de jogo há grande interesse na eficácia do goleiro em situação de jogo, enquanto nos artigos de ensino identificou-se a preferência por estudos sobre o desenvolvimento do repertório motor e capacidades de percepção e antecipação do goleiro de handebol

The aim of this systematic review was to identify the scientific papers overview in the following themes: teaching and performance analysis of the handball goalkeeper from the year 2000 to 2017. The search process was done in scientific databases by using pre-established inclusion criteria. Based in these criteria, 32 papers were selected and analysed in the end of this search process. The results showed a recent interest in the themes researched, especially in the Spanish literature, presenting a majority preference for the quantitative research involving adults goalkeepers with international competitive experience. In addition, it seems to be more interest research the factors related with performance analysis of handball goalkeepers when compared with the factors related to their teaching process. In the performance analysis papers, there are a great interest in the study of the effectiveness in game of the handball goalkeepers, while in the teaching papers was identified some preference for the study of the development of motor skills and the perception and anticipation capacities of the handball goalkeepers

El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar el panorama de artículos científicos originales sobre las temáticas de enseñanza y análisis de juego del portero de balonmano a partir del año 2000, por medio de una revisión sistemática. La búsqueda por los artículos se realizó en bases de datos indexadoras de revistas científicas a partir de criterios preestablecidos. Al final de la fase de selección, 32 artículos atendieron a los criterios de inclusión y revelaron el actual panorama de las temáticas investigadas. Los resultados apuntaron a un interés reciente en las temáticas, sobre todo en la literatura española, presentando un predominio de la investigación cuantitativa y la preferencia por estudios con porteros adultos de alto nivel de rendimiento. Además, parece haber mayor interés por los artículos de análisis de juego en comparación con la enseñanza. En los artículos de análisis de juego hay gran interés en la eficacia del portero en situación de juego, mientras que en los artículos de enseñanza se identificó la preferencia por estudios sobre el desarrollo del repertorio motor y capacidades de percepción y anticipación del portero de balonmano

Reflexiones para (re)formular una educación física crítica / Ideas to (re)formulate a critical physical education

El estudio tiene por objetivo elaborar un bosquejo analítico para re-pensar una educación física crítica (EFC). Mediante una metodología centrada en el análisis de las teorías críticas, se reflexiona sobre el sentido de la educación física escolar y se aportan reflexiones para potenciar una educación más emancipadora. Se aportan ideas promovedoras de un cambio didáctico, metodológico y pedagógico consciente y profundo. Los resultados muestran una baja actitud reflexivo-crítica en la educación -física- a causa de la no-intencionalidad crítica de propuestas. Por todo ello, censuramos las recientes metodologías autodenominadas renovadoras y que dicen promover la libertad - solamente desde la dimensión práctica y de la obediencia ciega al currículo -. Proponemos abrir el debate hacia una EFC más incisiva contra las bases ideológicas neoliberales que sustentan el sistema educativo actual. Incidimos en el hecho que los docentes tienen que ayudar a este cambio de paradigma, mediante la intervención en el aula

This article aims to develop an analytical sketch intended to re-think a critical physical education (EFC). From a methodology focused on the analysis of the critical theories, we reflect on the meaning of physical education in school. We offer suggestions for teachers are given in order to reflect in the possibilities of a shift towards a more democratic and emancipatory education of people. We discuss ideas that can illuminate a change: didactic, methodological, and educational too. It should be more conscious and deep that has been evident so far. Results show a low reflective-critical attitude in -physic- education that is caused for non-intentionality critical of proposals. Critical proposals must allow change. We criticize the recent methodologies that call themselves new and claim to promote freedom of students, but from the practical dimension and blind obedience to the curriculum. We propose to open the debate towards a more incisive EFC against the neoliberal ideological bases that support the current educational system We insist on the fact that teachers have to help this paradigm shift through classroom intervention

Evaluating the Performance of Adjudicators after a DanceSport Competition / Evaluación del rendimiento de los jueces después de una competición de baile deportivo

Cognitive and emotional ability are relevant during sport assessments and decision-making. This study explored the impact of vigilance, perceived effort, and mood state of DanceSport adjudicators during a High Level Competition. Thereby, seven international adjudicators completed Borg's Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scale, BRUMS questionnaire, and Attentional Task (Psychomotor Vigilance Task - PVT) before and after a dance competition. The results indicated differences in RPEs (p = .05) with a high RPE after competition (pre competition M = 9.14, SD = 2.67 and post competition M = 13.71, SD = 3.30). Furthermore, their mood tension and vigor, resulted negatively affected after competition. Moreover, younger adjudicators produced more anticipations than older ones to the reaction to external stimuli. In conclusion, DanceSport competitions entail physical, emotional, and cognitive changes that could affect the quality of decisions while judging

Las habilidades cognitivas y emocionales son relevantes durante el arbitraje deportivo. Este estudio analizó el impacto de la vigilancia, percepción del esfuerzo, y el estado de ánimo de los jueces de Baile Deportivo durante una competición de alto nivel. Así, siete jueces internacionales completaron la escala de esfuerzo percibido de Borg (RPE), cuestionario BRUMS y la tarea atencional PVT (Tarea de vigilancia psicomotora) antes y después de una competición de baile. Los resultados indicaron diferencias en RPE (p = .05) con un elevado RPE tras competición (pre competición M = 9.14, SD = 2.67 y post competición M = 13.71, SD = 3.30). Por otra parte, su estado anímico de tensión y vigor, resultó afectado negativamente después de la competición. Además, los jueces más jóvenes producen más anticipaciones que los más mayores ante estímulos externos. En conclusión, las competiciones de Baile Deportivo conllevan cambios físicos, emocionales y cognitivos que podrían afectar a la calidad de las decisiones mientras se está juzgando

Evaluating behavioral skills training to teach safe tackling skills to youth football players.

With concussion rates on the rise for football players, there is a need for further research to increase skills and decrease injuries. Behavioral skills training is effective in teaching a wide variety of skills but has yet to be studied in the sports setting. We evaluated behavioral skills training to teach safer tackling techniques to six participants from a Pop Warner football team. Safer tackling techniques increased during practice and generalized to games for the two participants who had opportunities to tackle in games.

Diferencias en la forma de organización de las sesiones de pádel con estudiantes / Differences in forms of organization of the padel lessons with students

El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer los efectos en la cantidad y eficacia de golpeos y la percepción de satisfacción/diversión, aburrimiento y esfuerzo a través de cuatro formas de organización diferentes de sesiones de pádel. Los participantes del estudio fueron 48 estudiantes del Ciclo Formativo de Técnico en Animación y Actividades Físico Deportivas (33 chicos y 15 chicas), con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 26 años. Se evaluó la cantidad y eficacia de los golpeos a través de una hoja de observación directa. La percepción de diversión y aburrimiento fue evaluada a través del Sport Satisfaction Instrument y la percepción de esfuerzo a través de la Pictorial Children's Effort Rating Table. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la forma de organización basada en el peloteo entre los alumnos se plantea como la más eficaz en la enseñanza del pádel, obteniendo un número significativamente mayor y más eficaz de golpeos, así como valores significativamente superiores de diversión/satisfacción y esfuerzo e inferiores de aburrimiento (AU)

The aim of this study was to determine the effects on the quantity and effectiveness of strokes and perceived satisfaction / fun, boredom and effort through four different organizational forms of paddle sessions. Study participants were 48 students from the Technical Training Course in Animation and Sports Physical Activities (33 boys and 15 girls) with ages between 18 and 26 years. The amount and effectiveness of beatings through direct observation of a sheet was evaluated. The perception of fun and boredom was evaluated through the Sport Satisfaction Instrument and perception of effort through the Pictorial Children's Effort Rating Table. The results show that the form of organization based on the rally among students is seen as the most effective in teaching paddle. A significantly greater and more effective number of strokes and significantly higher values ​​of amusement / satisfaction and effort and lower boredom have been proved as a result of this form of organization (AU)

Shooting strategies and efectiveness after ofensive rebound and its impact on game result in Euroleague basketball teams / Estrategias y efcacia de lanzamiento tras rebote ofensivo y su impacto en el resultado de partido en equipos de baloncesto de Euroliga / Estratégias e efcácia do lançamento após rebaixamento ofensivo e seu impacto no resultado da partida em equipes de basquete da Euroliga

Offensive rebound dominance has been widely shown as a key factor to success in basketball, since provide an extra attack. However, knowledge on how these second-options may results more effective is scarce. Tus, we aimed to discover the influence of shooting after offensive rebound on effectiveness, comparing differences between winners and losers. The sample consisted of 3010 shot attempts from Euroleague-Top-16. Variables pertaining to shooting effectiveness, shooting zone, and game result were registered through systematic observation. Statistical analyses included series of binomial logistic regression analyses. Results showed that shooting effectiveness increases by 67% when shooting after offensive rebound (OR= 1.67; p< 0.01). Additionally, winning teams were more effective after offensive rebound compared to losers (OR= 1.43; p= 0.03). Particularly, winners significantly scored more from the outside than defeated (OR= 3.40; p< 0.01), not finding differences in the inside (p= 0.62). In general, findings point out important advantages of shooting after offensive rebound, showing differences between winners and losers tactics. Tus, it is suggested developing specific tactical behaviors after offensive rebound situations to increase scoring opportunities and winning chances (AU)

El dominio del rebote ofensivo ha sido ampliamente considerado como un factor de éxito en baloncesto. Sin embargo, hay un escaso conocimiento sobre cómo esas segundas opciones de lanzamiento pueden ser efectivas. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar cómo influye lanzar después de rebote ofensivo en la eficacia de lanzamiento, comparando entre equipos ganadores y perdedores. La muestra estuvo formada por 3010 lanzamientos procedentes de partidos de Euroliga. Se midieron las siguientes variables mediante observación sistemática: eficacia de lanzamiento, zona de lanzamiento y resultado de partido. Se realizaron distintos análisis de regresión logística. Los resultados muestran que la eficacia de lanzamiento aumenta un 67% después de rebote ofensivo (OR= 1,67; p< 0,01). Además, los equipos ganadores fueron más eficaces tras rebote que los perdedores (OR= 1,43; p= 0,03). En concreto, los equipos ganadores anotaron más que los perdedores desde zonas exteriores tras rebote (OR= 3,40; p< 0,01), no encontrándose diferencias en zonas interiores. Estos resultados muestran las ventajas de lanzar tras rebote ofensivo, señalando diferencias en las tendencias de acierto entre ganadores y perdedores. Por ello, se sugiere analizar acciones tácticas concretas tras rebote ofensivo con la finalidad de aumentar la probabilidad de acierto y de ganar el partido (AU)

Dominância rebote ofensivo tem sido amplamente considerada como um fator de sucesso no basquete. No entanto, há pouco conhecimento sobre como essas segunda opções de lançamento podem ser eficazes. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o lançamento influência rebote ofensivo depois de lançar a eficácia, comparando entre ganhar e perder equipes. A amostra foi composta por 3010 lançamentos de jogos da Euroliga. Lançamento eficácia, área de lançamento e resultado do jogo: As seguintes variáveis foram medidos por meio de observação sistemática. As análises de regressão logística separadas foram realizadas. Os resultados mostram que a eficiência aumenta em liberação de 67% após rebote ofensivo (OR = 1,67; p< 0,01). Além disso, as equipas vencedoras foram mais eficazes após recuperação que os perdedores (OR = 1,43; p = 0,03). Especificamente, as equipes vencedoras marcou mais de perdedores de áreas fora após rebote (OR = 3,40; p < 0,01), sem diferenças nos territórios do interior. Estes resultados mostram o interesse de lançar após rebote ofensivo, notando diferenças em tendências entre vencedores e perdedores sucesso. Portanto, sugere-se para analisar ações táticas específicas após rebote ofensivo, a fim de aumentar a probabilidade de sucesso e ganhar o jogo (AU)